Preparing to perform: professional musicians' pre-performance routines and strategies

Zammit, B. B. (2024) Preparing to perform: professional musicians' pre-performance routines and strategies. Doctoral thesis, Royal College of Music.

Abstract

Studies in sport psychology have extensively shown that pre-performance routines (PPRs) - a sequence of cognitive and behavioural actions used prior to performance - optimize performance under pressure. Despite this positive impact, there is hardly any literature on PPRs in the music domain. Therefore, this thesis aimed at filling this gap in the literature. This thesis consists of 3 studies. The aims of Study 1 were to investigate pre-performance routines in professional musicians and to explore whether these change prior to performance. It also aimed to investigate the reasons behind musicians’ engagement in these routines. Study 2, informed by results from Study 1, aimed to investigate pre-performance routines in professional musicians in greater depth and to explore the functions these were perceived as having. Study 3, built on results from Study 2, aimed to investigate physical activity and exercise (PA/PE) in professional musicians. It also sought to explore the type of PA/PE engaged in and the reasons for this engagement. Finally, Study 3 aimed to investigate what functions PA/PE was perceived as having on professional musicians’ wellbeing and performance. Study 1 involved the online survey Pre-performance Routines survey which was distributed to international professional musicians. Data were collected from 94 musicians and analysed using the statistical package Jamovi version 1.2.27.0. Study 2 concerned an interview study with 12 orchestral musicians recruited from professional orchestras. Study 3 involved the Fit Musician online survey which was distributed to professional musicians. Data were collected from 144 musicians and analysed using the statistical package Jamovi version 2.3.21.0. Results from Study 1 showed that professional orchestral musicians engaged in several pre-performance routines prior to performance but that most routines were reported as not changing during their pre-performance period. PA/PE was among these routines. Study 2 showed that PA/PE was part of the daily/weekly routine of professional musicians and that some engaged in it with a view of enhancing performance. Study 3 showed that 83% of professional musicians exceeded the recommended weekly requirements for PA/PE and that type of exercise engaged in depended on performance scenario. Study 3 showed no association between musicians’ perception of physical fitness and health and wellbeing, and no significant difference between musicians’ perception of physical fitness and the perceived impact of PA/PE on performance. In providing a picture of how professional musicians prepare to perform, this thesis has provided useful information on practice routines and strategies that can be adopted by students. The findings of this thesis also provide the necessary groundwork for future research investing in exploring PA/PE and music performance.

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