The landscape of musical care during the beginning of life in the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods survey study

Spiro, N. and Sanfilippo, K. R. M. and Shaughnessy, C. and Rowles, M. and Coombes, E. and Perkins, R. and Tredget, E. (2025) The landscape of musical care during the beginning of life in the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods survey study. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 25 (380). ISSN 2662-7671 (online)

Abstract

Background: The first 1001 days of life are a critical time in children’s development and can be challenging for parents and caregivers. Some families in the United Kingdom (UK) are not getting the support they need. Research indicates that musical care – the role of music in supporting any aspect of people’s developmental or health needs – can support families during, what we term, the beginning of life: pregnancy to two years of age. Musical care activities can take place in health and community settings and include music making, music listening, and music therapy. We must describe and understand the patterns of use of musical care activities during the beginning of life in the UK to capitalise on the potential of musical care to support families. Methods: This article explores, from parents’ and musical care providers’ perspectives, (1) participation and provision of musical care activities, (2) descriptions and experiences of musical care activities, and (3) motivations for, deterrents from, and perceived outcomes of participation in musical care activities. Data from two co-developed cross-sectional surveys for parents/caregivers (N = 578) and providers (N = 50) was analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: Most parent/caregivers had participated in at least one musical care activity (83%). The most attended activity was play and development groups for babies that involve some music. Following our thematic analysis, personal preference, experiential and practical factors, recommendation by healthcare providers, and expectation of benefit were identified as motivators while deterrents included challenges in resources and logistics, and lack of inclusivity and diversity. Parents/caregivers perceived both positive and negative outcomes of attending musical care activities. Most providers had not had specific training and for many this work was not their primary income source. Conclusions: There is a wide range of musical care activities during the beginning of life in the UK. Reasons for attending them range from those specific to music and its care potential to seeing them as leisure activities. The findings have implications for the flexibility and role that musical care activities can play during the beginning of life and call for investigation into how musical care activities may be integrated into care.

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